OneEquipment Overview and Principle

The fully automatic sediment online monitoring system mainly consists of sediment sensors, data acquisition and transmission systems (including RTUs), power supply systems, data management software, and installation brackets.

The sand sensor is based on the combined infrared absorption scattering method, and the ISO7027 method can be used to continuously and accurately measure the concentration of suspended solids. According to ISO7027 infrared double scattering light technology, suspended solids concentration values are determined without being affected by chromaticity. By establishing a correlation between suspended solids concentration values and sediment content, sediment content data can be directly output, achieving real-time online monitoring. According to the usage environment, it can be optionally equipped with self-cleaning function and protective device.

Two, Equipment Installation

1. Installation Site Selection

Before installing the fully automatic sediment online monitoring system, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of the water and sediment characteristics of the monitoring station over the years, understand the characteristics of cross-section erosion and deposition, changes in river regime, and floating debris in floods, and select the optimal installation location and method for the system. Priority should be given to selecting a vertical line with good representativeness of sediment concentration. After the vertical line is determined, priority should be given to selecting measurement points with good representativeness of sediment concentration.

• Installation precautions
• The sensor should be placed at least 50cm underwater, and the sensor should not be placed in the air for a long time to collect data. The placement of
• sensors should strive to ensure stable flow conditions without significant turbulence or disturbances.
• Sensors generally use side view measurement, and the instrument needs to be horizontally fixed during installation, with the sensor facing downstream for data collection. The sensor layout should be arranged at one or more representative points on the test river section according to the specifications. When installing the sensor, try to avoid floating objects and other damage to the sensor as much as possible.
• The placement of sensors needs to be arranged according to the specifications at one or more representative points on the test river section.
• Try to avoid floating objects and other damage to the sensor during installation.
• Installation Method

The measurement principle of the fully automatic sediment online monitoring system is to calculate the average sediment concentration of the section based on the single point sediment break rate relationship. Therefore, it must be installed at a representative point or multiple points on the vertical line of the test river section according to the specifications. The sediment sensor is for side view measurement, and the instrument needs to be fixed horizontally and vertically during installation (with the sensor facing downstream). In order to ensure that the sensor can still measure in real time at low water levels, the installation depth should be lower than the lowest water level. The instrument will measure the sediment concentration of the river at a fixed location, and the impact of floating debris on the instrument should be considered during installation. The installation methods of the fully automatic sediment online monitoring system include: self recording well wall, bridge pier, wharf, and measuring ship installation, construction of cast-in-place piles if there is no fixed carrier on site, installation of suspended floating boats with cyclic cables, and installation of shore guide rail brackets.

The installation methods of the fully automatic sediment online monitoring system include: self recording well wall, bridge pier, wharf, and measuring ship installation. If there is no fixed carrier on site, it can be installed with cast-in-place piles, suspended floating boats, and shore guide rail brackets.

Type 1: Fixed bracket installation

This installation is generally applied to shallow and narrow river channels, where fixed brackets are installed along the river and sediment sensors are mounted on the brackets.

Type 2: Floating Platform Installation

Generally used in wider and deeper rivers, sediment sensors are installed at the center of the river, and brackets are installed under the float. The sensor is fixed on the bracket, and the float is fixed on the riverbed with steel cables. This post is relatively complex and can measure sediment content at a fixed depth.

Bracket Design and Anti theft Measures

Customize brackets suitable for installation based on on-site conditions.

Generally, bracket design:

The overall bracket guide rail is made of 316 stainless steel material, and the sliding part is made of 316 stainless steel material. The transmission pulley is tightly attached to the guide rail; The lower end of the guide rail adopts a limit and the upper end adopts a limit and is designed with an anti-theft lock. The lower part prevents the sliding bracket and sensor from coming into contact with the bottom mud, and the upper part prevents personnel from directly taking out the sliding bracket and sensor or engaging in destructive theft behavior; The sliding bracket is connected to the winch as a whole; If there is a ball machine on site, it can be connected to the system to check the equipment status at any time,Prevent malicious destruction and theft of equipment, etc.

Probe fixation

The sediment sensor comes with a simple installation bracket when it leaves the factory, and the on-site requirements are met by pouring a fixed base or equipment installation bracket according to the site situation. The equipment installation bracket can use a 32 diameter galvanized round pipe and bend it with a flat iron. The bent flat iron is welded to the galvanized round pipe on one side and fixed to the self measuring well or bridge pier or pouring base on the other side with expansion screws. The sensor was originally intended to be fixed to the built-in simple bracket with an adaptive clamp, and then the sensor bracket was fixed to the on-site sliding bracket. After this part is fixed, the sliding bracket is installed on the galvanized round pipe, and the fixed round pipe serves as the guide rail for the sliding bracket. After the sliding bracket is fixed, and on-site testing is conducted to see if it can slide normally, the connecting cable is fixed to the winch, Facilitating the lifting operation of the entire sensor through the winch in the later stage, the equipment box is fixed to the designated position with expansion screws.

On site installation diagram

threeEquipment debugging

Power supply system connection

1. The solar panel is connected using a two core power cord. Thread the power cord out of the wiring hole of the installation tube, open the black plastic box under the solar panel, there are two terminal posts inside, and the right terminal post is connected to the red cable of the+pole and dual core wire; The terminal on the left is connected to a white cable with one pole and two core wires. When wiring, strip the two core cables by 20mm, fold them in half, and twist them into strands. Insert them into the two wiring holes of commonly used signaling components in the wiring socket, tighten them with screws, and finally fix the black plastic sealing box with screws and seal it with sealant.

2. Fix the solar panel bracket onto the solar panel using M6 bolts.

3. Fix the solar panel with connected wires and fixed brackets on the upright pole (if the solar panel is installed in the station building position, use screws to fix it)

4. Fix the charging controller on the installation base plate, and connect the solar cell, battery, and electrical appliance (RTU) to the corresponding wiring terminals according to the instructions. Tighten the screws to avoid poor contact.

5. Connect the battery to the charging controller, with the red wire connected to the positive pole and the black wire connected to the negative pole. After fixing the connection, place the battery into the equipment box.

RTU equipment box line connection

1. Connect the RTU power cable to the output terminal of the solar controller.

2. Connect the signal line of the sediment sensor and the on-site water level gauge to the RTU and fix them securely.

3. After checking and confirming that all types of cables are connected correctly, turn on the power switch of the equipment box and power up the equipment.

4. After the equipment is powered on and self checks normally, set the operating parameters of the RTU according to the requirements. After the parameter settings are completed, the testing work can be carried out.

After the parameter settings are completed, the testing work can be carried out.

System Acceptance

Functional Acceptance. Confirm that the fully automatic sediment online monitoring system meets all the technical performance requirements of the equipment in this project.

Performance acceptance. Evaluate the performance of the fully automatic sediment online monitoring system, including measurement accuracy, stability, and reliability.

regular maintenance

In order to achieve the best measurement results, regular maintenance and upkeep are necessary. Maintenance and upkeep mainly include cleaning the sediment monitoring device, checking if the sediment monitoring device is damaged, etc. During maintenance and testing, the relevant status of the sediment monitoring instrument can also be viewed.

It is generally recommended to maintain sediment sensors at least once every 3 months (with an appropriate increase in frequency depending on water quality). The main maintenance tasks include:

(1) Check the sediment monitoring device, inspect and clean the sediment monitoring device, including whether there are signs of collision, whether there is damage, and the condition of surface attachments on the sediment monitoring device.

(2) Check the installation bracket, including whether it is stable, whether it is corroded, whether the screws are tightened, etc.

(3) Check if the power supply system is working properly.

(4) Check if the device communication is normal.

(5) Check the cable interface, including whether the interface is intact, the sealing of the interface, etc.

Training outline for fully automatic sediment online monitoring system

Installation and commissioning records

Special lightning protection plan for photoelectric sand analyzer

Civil lightning protection and grounding measures

1, Requirements for overlap ratio of steel connections

Steel grounding devices should be connected by welding, and their overlap length should comply with the following regulations:

1. The overlap between flat steel and flat steel is twice the width of the flat steel, and welding is applied on three sides;

2. Round steel is overlapped with round steel at 6 times the diameter of the round steel and welded on both sides;

3. Round steel and flat steel are overlapped at 6 times the diameter of the round steel and welded on both sides; When flat steel and round steel are welded to steel pipes and angle steel, in addition to welding on both sides of the contact area, round steel lap joints should also be added; 5. Except for being buried in concrete, all welding parts shall be treated with anti-corrosion measures. The grounding device connection should be reliable, and the connection should not be loose, desoldered, or have poor contact. The connection between the equalizing ring and natural grounding bodies such as metal pipes should be welded. If welding is difficult, clamps can be used for connection, but they should have good conductivity.

4. When flat steel and round steel are welded to steel pipes and angle steel, in addition to welding on both sides of the contact area, round steel lap joints should also be added;

5. All welding parts, except for those buried in concrete, shall be treated with anti-corrosion measures.

The grounding device connection should be reliable, and the connection should not be loose, desoldered, or have poor contact.

The connection between the equalizing ring and natural grounding bodies such as metal pipes should be welded. If welding is difficult, clamps can be used for connection, but they should have good conductivity.

II. Requirements for various types of welding

1, Select the appropriate welding process, electrode diameter, welding current, welding speed, welding arc length, etc. for flat welding

, and verify them through welding process tests.

Cleaning the weld joint: Before welding, check whether the groove and assembly gap meet the requirements, whether the positioning welding is firm, and there should be no oil or rust around the weld joint. Baking welding rods should meet the specified temperature and time. The welding rods taken out of the oven should be placed in a welding rod insulation bucket and taken out as needed.

Baking welding rods should meet the specified temperature and time. The welding rods taken out of the oven should be placed in a welding rod insulation bucket and taken out as needed.

Welding current: Select the appropriate welding current based on factors such as the thickness of the weldment, welding level, electrode type, diameter, and welder proficiency.

Arc ignition: The arc point of the fillet weld should be at the end of the weld, preferably greater than 10mm. Arc ignition should not be carried out randomly. After ignition, the welding rod should be immediately pulled away from the weld area to maintain a gap of 2-4mm between the welding rod and the component to generate an arc. For butt welds and combination welds of butt and corner joints, arc starting plates and lead out plates must be installed at both ends of the weld. The arc must be started on the arc starting plate before welding to the weld area. For intermediate joints, the arc should be ignited 15-20mm in front of the weld joint. After preheating the welded part, the welding rod should be retracted to the beginning of the weld, and the molten pool should be filled to the required thickness before welding can proceed.

Welding speed: Constant speed welding is required to ensure uniform thickness and width of the weld seam. It is advisable to maintain an equal distance (2-3mm) between the molten iron and slag in the molten pool when viewed from inside the mask.

Welding arc length: It is determined according to the type of welding rod, and generally requires a stable and constant arc length. Acidic welding rods are generally 3-4mm, and alkaline welding rods are generally 2-3mm.

Welding angle: determined by the thickness of the two welded parts, the welding angle has two dimensions. One is that the angle between the welding rod and the welding direction is 60-75 °; The second situation is that there are two angles between the welding rod and the left and right sides of the welding. When the thickness of the welding piece is equal, the angle between the welding rod and the welding piece is 45 °; When the thickness of the welded parts is uneven, the angle between the welding rod and the thicker side should be greater than the angle between the welding rod and the thinner side of the welded part.

Arc extinguishing: After each weld is welded to the end, the arc pit should be filled and the arc should be carried in the opposite direction of the welding direction, so that the arc pit is thrown inside the weld bead to prevent arc pit biting. After welding is completed, the arc plate should be cut off by gas cutting and ground flat. It is not allowed to use a hammer to knock it down.

Slag Removal: After the entire weld seam is welded, the slag should be removed. After the welder self inspects (including appearance and weld size, etc.) and confirms that there are no problems, the location can be transferred to continue welding.

2. Vertical welding:

The basic operation process is the same as flat welding, but the following issues should be noted:

Under the same conditions, the welding power supply is 10% to 15% lower than the flat welding current.

Short arc welding is adopted, with an arc length of generally 2-3mm.

The angle of the welding rod is determined according to the thickness of the welded piece. The thickness of the two welded parts is equal, and the angle between the welding rod and the welding rod in the left and right directions is 45 °; When the thickness of two welded parts is not equal, the angle between the welding rod and the thicker side of the welded part should be greater than the angle between the thinner side. The welding rod should form an angle of 60 ° to 80 ° with the vertical plane, so that the arc is slightly upward and blown towards the center of the molten pool.

Arc extinguishing: When welding to the end, use the arc discharge method to fill the arc pit and move the arc to the center of the molten pool to stop the arc. It is strictly prohibited to throw the arc pit aside. To prevent meat biting, the arc should be lowered to change the angle of the welding rod, so that the welding rod is perpendicular to the workpiece or blown slightly downwards from the arc.

3. Horizontal welding:

is basically the same as flat welding, with a welding current 10% to 15% lower than that of flat welding under the same conditions, and an arc length of 2 to 4mm. The angle of the welding rod should be tilted downwards during horizontal welding, with an angle of 70 ° to 80 °, to prevent the molten iron from falling. According to the different thicknesses of the two welded parts, the angle of the welding rod can be adjusted appropriately, and the direction of the welding rod and the welding advance should be 70 ° to 90 °.

4. Overhead welding

is basically the same as vertical welding and horizontal welding. The angle between the welding rod and the workpiece is related to the thickness of the workpiece. The welding rod and the welding direction form a 70 ° -80 ° angle, and it is recommended to use low current and short arc welding.

III. Installation Method and Requirements for Lightning Protection Grounding

Grounding Requirements: The conventional grounding resistance should not exceed 10 Ω, and in special circumstances should not exceed 4 Ω

Material Preparation:

Common lightning protection grounding materials include galvanized steel such as flat steel, angle steel, round steel, steel pipe, etc. When using, cold galvanized or hot-dip galvanized materials should be selected according to design requirements. The product should have a material inspection certificate and a factory certificate of conformity. Galvanized auxiliary materials include lead wire (i.e. galvanized iron wire), bolts, washers, spring washers, U-bolts, ingot bolts, brackets, etc.

Installation conditions:

1. Grounding body operation conditions: Clean the site according to the design position; The connection between the base cage and the embedded parts has been tied.
2. Installation conditions for lightning protection network: The grounding body and down conductor must be completed; The bracket installation is completed;

Grounding Requirements:

Lightning protection grounding shall comply with the design requirements and relevant specifications. The burial depth of the grounding body should not be less than 0.6m at the top, and the angle steel and steel pipe grounding bodies should be arranged vertically. The length of the vertical grounding body should not be less than 2.5m, and the distance between them should generally not be less than 5m. The buried position of the grounding body should not be less than 1.5m away from the building. When burying the grounding body in places such as garbage and ash, the soil should be replaced and compacted layer by layer; When the grounding device must be buried less than 3m away from the building or pedestrian walkway, the method of using a pressure equalization strip or laying a 50-90mm thick asphalt layer on top of the grounding device, with a width exceeding 2m of the grounding device; the connection of the grounding body (wire) should be welded, and the weld seam at the welding point should be full and have sufficient mechanical strength, without defects such as slag inclusion, biting flesh, cracks, virtual welding, pores, etc. After knocking off the coating at the welding point, apply asphalt for anti-corrosion treatment.

Grounding Installation:

1. Processing of Grounding Bodies: Processing shall be carried out according to the quantity and material specifications required by the design. The materials are generally cut from steel pipes and angle steels, and the length should not be less than 2.5m. If steel pipes are used to be driven underground, they should be processed into a certain shape according to the soil. When encountering soft soil, they can be cut into a sloping shape.

2. In order to avoid uneven force during insertion causing the pipe to tilt, it can also be processed into a flat pointed shape; When encountering hard soil, the tip can be processed into a cone shape. When using angle steel, angle steel with a size of not less than 40mm * 40mm * 4mm should be used, and the cutting length should not be less than 2.5m. One end of the angle steel should be processed into a pointed shape, and the horizontal grounding body should be made of flat iron with a size of not less than 40mm * 40mm * 4mm.

3. Trench excavation: According to the design requirements, measure and mark the line of the grounding body (network). Dig a trench on this line with a depth of 0.8-1m and a width of 0.5m. The upper part of the trench should be slightly wider, and any stones at the bottom should be removed.

4. Installation of grounding body (pole): After the trench is excavated, the grounding body should be installed immediately and the grounding flat steel should be laid to prevent soil collapse. First, place the grounding body on the centerline of the trench and drive it underground, usually using a hammer. One person supports the grounding body, while the other uses a large hammer to knock on the top of the grounding body. To prevent the steel pipe or angle steel from splitting, a protective pipe cap can be added to the end of the grounding pipe. Short angle steel (about 10cm) can be welded to the grounding angle steel for angle steel grounding. When using a hand hammer to strike the grounding body, it should be steady and strike the center of the grounding body without deviation. It should be kept perpendicular to the ground and stopped when the top of the grounding body is 600mm away from the ground.

5. Laying of flat steel between grounding bodies: Before laying the flat steel, it should be straightened, and then placed in the trench. The flat steel should be welded to the grounding body by electric welding (gas welding) in sequence. Flat steel should be placed on the side rather than flat, as the current dissipation resistance is lower when placed on the side. The position where the flat steel is connected to the steel pipe is about 100mm away from the highest point of the grounding body. During welding, the flat steel should be straightened, and after welding, the coating should be removed, asphalt should be applied for anti-corrosion treatment, and the grounding wire should be led out to the required position, leaving enough connection length for use.

6. Verification of grounding body (wire): After the grounding body is connected, the quality inspection department should be promptly requested to conduct a hidden inspection. The material, position, welding quality, and cross-sectional specifications of the grounding body (wire) should meet the design requirements and construction acceptance specifications. Backfilling and layer by layer compaction can only be carried out after passing the inspection. Finally, fill in the grounding resistance shake test value on the hidden inspection record

Equipment lightning protection plan

Surge arrester installation

Installation method and requirements for power surge arrester

The installation position of power surge arrester is inside the equipment chassis, and all external equipment must be installed with power surge arrester.

The power surge arrester has three ports, namely power positive, power negative, and grounding; The positive and negative wires of the external equipment power cable must pass through the positive and negative ports of the power lightning arrester before being connected to the equipment. The length of the grounding port wiring should be ≤ 500mm. If it cannot meet the standard of ≤ 500mm due to limitations, it can be appropriately extended, but the principle of wiring should be followed as short as possible. The turning angle should be greater than 90 degrees (arc angle rather than right angle), and the grounding wire should be connected to the independent grounding grid.

Installation precautions:

When installing a power lightning arrester, the grounding system should be firmly connected before connecting other lines. During installation, the power must be disconnected and live operation is strictly prohibited; The connecting wires must meet the requirements.

The lightning arrester does not require special maintenance, it only needs to be regularly checked for loose connections and whether the working status indicator light is normal. When the working status indicator light turns green, it indicates that the lightning arrester is working properly. When it turns red, it indicates that the lightning arrester has damaged components and its lightning protection effect has deteriorated, and it must be replaced immediately.

When the working status indicator light turns green, it indicates that the lightning arrester is working properly. When it turns red, it indicates that the lightning arrester has damaged components and its lightning protection effect has deteriorated, and it must be replaced immediately.   

Installation method of signal lightning arrester

The signal lightning arrester is installed inside the equipment chassis, and all external signal lines must be installed with signal lightning arrester.

The signal lightning arrester has three ports, namely signal A, signal B, and grounding; External equipment signal cables AB signal lines must pass through the signal lightning arrester AB port before being connected to the equipment. The grounding port wiring length should be ≤ 500mm. If the standard of ≤ 500mm cannot be met due to limitations, it can be appropriately extended, but the principle of wiring should be followed as short as possible. The turning angle should be greater than 90 degrees (arc angle rather than right angle), and the grounding wire should be connected to an independent grounding grid.

Installation precautions:

When installing a signal lightning arrester, the grounding system should be firmly connected before connecting other lines. During installation, the power must be disconnected and live operation is strictly prohibited; The connecting wires must meet the requirements.

The lightning arrester does not require special maintenance, it only needs to be regularly checked for loose connections and whether the working status indicator light is normal. When the working status indicator light turns green, it indicates that the lightning arrester is working properly. When it turns red, it indicates that the lightning arrester has damaged components and its lightning protection effect has deteriorated, and it must be replaced immediately.  

When the working status indicator light turns green, it indicates that the lightning arrester is working properly. When it turns red, it indicates that the lightning arrester has damaged components and its lightning protection effect has deteriorated, and it must be replaced immediately.