Smart Agriculture整体解决方案：从感知到决策的全流程升级

1、 Overview of the plan

Traditional agriculture has long been affected “Relying on weather to make a living and managing based on experience” Due to mode constraints, it faces prominent pain points such as low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, high labor costs, and large fluctuations in yield and quality. This plan is based on: “Real time perception — Marginal decision-making — Accurate execution — Data precipitation” As the core theme, we will scientifically deploy multi parameter sensors, intelligent control cabinets, cloud collaboration platforms, and mobile devices APPComprehensive coverage of diverse agricultural scenarios such as greenhouses, sheds, and outdoor bases, helping to achieve digital monitoring, less manpower operation, and standardized production. System support 4G/5G, Wi-FiEthernetLoRa The hybrid networking mode can achieve centralized management and control through the cloud, as well as autonomous operation in a local off network state, truly achieving “Continuous control of network disconnection”Ensure continuous and stable agricultural production.

2、 System architecture

1. Perception layer

As an agricultural production “Nerve endings”The perception layer comprehensively collects four types of key data: environment, soil, water, and equipment

• Environmental monitoringReal time capture of air temperature, humidity, and illuminanceCO₂Concentration, air pressure, ultraviolet radiationPM10 Waiting for parameters;
• Soil monitoringDeep coverage of multiple layers of soil temperature, volumetric moisture contentEC Value (conductivity)PH Value, nitrogen phosphorus potassium detection probes can be installed as needed;
• Water monitoringMonitor water level, dissolved oxygen, turbidity for hydroponic and fish vegetable symbiosis scenariosPH ValueEC Value;
• Equipment monitoringReal time monitoring of water pump current, fan speed, roller shutter opening, and solenoid valve switch status.

All sensors support 3 Quickly refresh data in seconds,1 The minutes are automatically stored in the database, with a default caching period 3 Year, data can be directly exported as Excel Format, convenient for subsequent analysis.

2. Transport layer

The transport layer adopts “Layered adaptation and encryption protection” Strategy: Prioritize the use of Ethernet on site / Wi-Fi Transmitting data to reduce traffic costs; Automatically switch to areas without wired network coverage 4G/5GRemote land can be added LoRa Ad hoc network relay, with a maximum transmission distance of 3 Kilometers. Data packet adoption MQTT+TLS Encryption protocol, supporting breakpoint retransmission, ensuring the integrity and security of data during transmission.

3. Edge decision-making layer (local control cabinet)

Local control cabinet as “On site brain”Built in 32 Road isolation input24 Circuit relay output8 Road 4–20 mA Analog output, can directly drive agricultural equipment such as fans, wet curtains, side windows, roller blinds, fill lights, heaters, solenoid valves, fertilizer pumps, etc., supporting three autonomous modes:

• Timed modeAccurate triggering operation based on year, month, day, hour, minute, and second, adjustable 0.1 Second delay, meeting the requirements of refined time control;
• Conditional modeAutomatically execute actions based on environmental parameters, such as temperature≥40℃Turn on the fan at the right time,≤33℃Turn off the fan when necessary; Humidity > 60% And the time is 06:00–12:00 Open the top window at the right time;
• Scene modeSupport custom loop logic, such as: “Spray first 10 minute→Stop 5 minute→Spray again 10 minute”Adapt to complex agricultural scenarios.

Edge scripts can run independently in an off network state, automatically synchronizing data to the cloud after network recovery to ensure uninterrupted decision-making.

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4. Platform layer

Cloud platforms are for smart agriculture “Central management system”Having six core competencies:

• Real time monitoringSupport drag and drop configuration screen, can be added GIF Animation, automatic adaptation of display ratio on mobile devices, enabling real-time viewing on multiple terminals;
• Data curve: With 1 Generate curves at the granularity of minutes, supporting scaling, stacking, and comparison operations, with one click generation PDF Format analysis report;
• Intelligent alarmCovering multiple types of alarms such as upper and lower limits of parameters, sudden data changes, offline devices, and access control flooding, through WeChat, SMS, etcAPP Triple channel push reminders;
• Map OverviewBased on electronic maps, display the distribution of multiple bases and label them with different colors “function / call the police / off-line” Status, adapted to group unified management;
• Permission grading: Set up administrator — Base manager — Temporary workers have three-level permissions and support “One machine with multiple accounts” Or “One account with multiple machines”Ensure data security and operational standards;
• Private deploymentProvide full quantity API Interface and Docker Mirror, users can embed the platform ERPFinancial or e-commerce systems to achieve data interconnectivity.

5. Application layer

Targeting different roles in agricultural production, the application layer provides differentiated interface design to meet precision requirements

• Worker end: Only display “Today's task” List and “One click execution” Button, to simplify the operation process to the greatest extent possible and reduce the threshold for use;
• Technician endSupport parameter adjustment, data curve viewing, and downloading agricultural records to assist professionals in conducting technical analysis and optimization;
• Boss's endDisplay revenue analysis, energy consumption ranking, and risk warning data in the form of a large screen to provide data support for business decision-making.

3、 Detailed explanation of core functions

1. Greenhouse environmental regulation

Based on seasonal changes, the system preset refined control strategies: in spring, the focus is on ensuring nighttime insulation and daytime ventilation, balancing temperature and air circulation; Start external shading in summer + Fan wet curtain linkage mode, aiming to lower the temperature inside the greenhouse compared to the outside world 5–7℃Relieve high temperature stress; Adopting a stepped approach to reduce irrigation in autumn to avoid excessive crop growth; In winter, the rolling shutter is used for timed rolling to ensure daily exposure to sunlight≥8 At the same time, discharge harmful accumulated gases from the greenhouse. All strategies can be set at once, and the system will automatically switch with the seasons without the need for frequent manual adjustments.

2. Water fertilizer integration

The system is based on soil EC Value, moisture content, and crop growth period models are used to achieve precise water fertilizer ratio and irrigation: clear water, mother liquor, and acid are mixed together / Alkali solution according to preset settings EC ValuePH Dynamic mixing of values, grouping of wheel irrigation can be refined to a single solenoid valve, supported “Fertilizer first, then water”(Apply fertilizer first and then flush the pipeline) or “Simultaneous irrigation of fertilizer and water” Two modes. Applying this function can achieve water conservation 30% Above, saving fertilizer 25% The above significantly reduces the cost of water and fertilizer.

3. Soil moisture warning

When 20cm The volumetric moisture content of deep soil continues to be lower than 20%(Drought threshold) or higher 65%When the waterlogging threshold is reached, the system immediately pushes it “Drought / Waterlogging” Warning and provide suggestions for irrigation amount simultaneously; If the soil EC Value > 1500μS/cmSystem prompt “Salinization risk”Recommend a freshwater flushing plan to avoid the impact of soil problems on crops in advance.

4. Remote video surveillance linkage

The system can be connected to mainstream brand network cameras to achieve “Alarm screenshot + 15 Short videos in seconds” Linkage push. For example, when the solenoid valve is turned on 5 After minutes, if no increase in flow rate is detected in the main pipeline, the system will automatically take on-site pictures and record them 15 Upload short videos to the platform in seconds for staff to quickly troubleshoot issues such as pipeline blockages and explosions.

5. Data asset accumulation

Platform default save 3 Annual historical data, supporting docking Python/R Waiting for data analysis tools to conduct big data analysis can generate “Temperature — Output” Fit the curve“illumination — Sugar content” Relevant reports provide scientific decision-making basis for the selection of crop varieties, prediction of market launch time, and optimization of planting strategies for the next season, achieving continuous iteration and upgrading of agricultural production.

4、 Typical application scenarios

1. Tomato glass greenhouse (mu)10 Regulatory strategy

• : Set daytime temperatureAt night 24–28℃Concentration 16–20℃, CO₂Before sunrise 800–1000ppm; Adopting “Hourly compensation 2 External sunshade deployment CO₂ + 9:00 Fan wet curtain step start + 11:00 Application effect” Combination strategy;
• : Increase in average fruit weight per earThe deformity rate has decreased 8%Save labor per acre per year 35%People. 1.5 Strawberry connected greenhouse (mu)

2. Regulatory strategy30 Night insulation blanket

• Put it downAutomatically open the top window 22:00 Value is adjusted in stages according to the growth period: seedling stage06:30 Put away; Humidity inside the greenhouse > 85% Flowering period + Circulating fan; water-fertilizer EC Swelling period 0.8→Harvest period 1.2→Application effect 1.6→Strawberry in advance 1.0 mS/cm;
• Tian Shang Market, increasing income per muYuan. 10 Citrus open-air base (mu) 4200 Yuan.

3. Citrus open-air base（200 Mu)

• Regulatory strategySoil moisture sensor according to 50 Meter grid layout, combined with meteorological station evaporation data, to achieve “Partition drip irrigation”;
• Application effect: 2022 During periods of high temperature and drought, watering is reduced compared to surrounding orchards 38%The weight of a single fruit continues to increase 6 Increase in sugar acid ratio 5%.

5、 Implementation steps

1. On site investigationA professional team will conduct on-site assessments of the water source, power supply, network coverage, and soil conditions of the plot, laying the foundation for the implementation of subsequent plans;
2. Sensor deployment: Adopt “Field” Install sensors in a zigzag or grid pattern to ensure that monitoring data is spatially representative and covers the entire planting area;
3. Installation of control cabinetInstall the control cabinet on the inner wall of the rain shelter, at a distance from the ground≥30 Centimeters, synchronously reserve lightning protection grounding devices to ensure equipment safety;
4. Platform configurationImport land parcels CAD Plan view, quickly visualize configuration by dragging and dropping icons,2 The linkage between the platform and on-site equipment can be achieved within hours;
5. Strategy debuggingModule testing “Sensors→Marginal decision-making layer→Actuator” The closed-loop logic ensures that there are no missing or erroneous actions, ensuring the stable operation of the system;
6. Training deliveryProvide operation manuals for both mobile phones and computers, conduct on-site training, and establish WeChat groups to provide them 7×24 Hourly Q&A service;
7. Operation and maintenance follow-upConduct remote inspections once every quarter and calibrate sensors on-site once a year to ensure data accuracy is controlled ±3% Within.

6、 Benefit calculation (taking tomato per mu as an example) 10 One time hardware investment

• : AboutTen thousand yuan (including 3.2 annual cost savings 3 Annual traffic fee);
• saving laborpeople 1.5 ten thousand yuan ×4 people / ten thousand yuan, water-saving = 6 and fertilizer saving 30%equivalent 25% ten thousand yuan, annual total cost savings 1.1 annual income benefits 7.1 Ten thousand yuan;
• yield improvementcalculated by yield per mu 8%ton, average price 12 yuan 6 kilogram, income increase per mu / yuan 12×1000×6×8%=5760 total income increase per mu10 ten thousand yuan (approximately 5.76 investment return 5.8 Ten thousand yuan);
• static payback periodten thousand yuan≈3.2 ten thousand yuan ÷ (7.1 ten thousand yuan) + 5.8 Months×12 Months, followed by annual net income (cost savings≈4 revenue increase) + Ten thousand yuan.>10 Ten thousand yuan.

7、 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

QWill the system stop working if there is a sudden power outage during the planting process?

AI won't. Standard configuration of control cabinet 5Ah UPS Power supply, can be maintained after power failure 2 Normal operation for hours; If you need to extend the battery life, an additional option is available 10Ah Lithium battery, with extended battery life up to 8 Hour by hour, ensuring uninterrupted critical agricultural operations.

QHow to calibrate if sensor data drifts after long-term use?

ATemperature and humidity sensors can be calibrated against standard tables,PH/EC The sensor should be calibrated using standard buffer solution, and it is recommended to calibrate it once a year; The platform will automatically record the calibration curve. If the data deviates >±5%Will trigger calibration reminders to ensure monitoring accuracy.

QWill the system automatically irrigate “Leakage and dripping” What is the situation of wasting water resources?

AI won't. The system supports closed-loop monitoring of flow meters, when the actual irrigation flow deviates from the target flow > 10% At this time, an alarm will be immediately triggered and the valve will automatically close, effectively preventing water waste caused by nighttime pipe bursts, pipeline blockages, and other issues, especially suitable for unmanned scenarios.

8、 Conclusion

Digitization is not the ultimate goal of smart agriculture, but the core means to achieve high-quality agricultural development. This plan is constructed through “Perception — policy decision — Execution — Optimization” The complete closed loop transforms dispersed environmental parameters, crop physiological characteristics, and agronomic experience into computable, reusable, and iterative digital models, completely changing traditional agriculture “live at the mercy of the elements” The passive situation aims to achieve balanced production throughout the four seasons, controllable crop quality, and measurable planting income.

In the future, with the continuous iteration of technology, users only need to use it lightly on their mobile phones “One click confirmation”, complex agricultural management can be handed over to the system for automatic completion —— Making farming simpler, more dignified, and more sustainable is the core value of smart agriculture.