There are two main methods for water quality monitoring: cross-sectional sampling laboratory testing and analysis, and cross-sectional automatic monitoring. Traditional water quality sample collection mainly involves on-site manual collection of water samples, sedimentation, sample separation, storage and transportation after adding preservatives, which has problems such as high manual input and low frequency of sample collection. With the development of technology, the level of automation can be improved through automatic sampling of cross-sections.
The proportion of automatic online monitoring of water quality should be increased for important national drinking water sources and important administrative boundaries, in order to timely grasp the dynamic changes in water quality. Determine the automatic water quality monitoring mode and technical equipment configuration standards based on monitoring indicators and management requirements. The applicable conditions for online water quality monitoring methods are shown in the table
Applicable conditions for online water quality monitoring methods
| Monitoring station type | monitoring factor | analytical method | Applicable Conditions |
| Automatic water quality monitoring station (conventional station, small station) | water temperature | Thermal Resistor | Sections of lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and administrative boundaries |
| pH | Glass electrode method | ||
| Dissolved oxygen | Fluorescence method | ||
| Conductivity | Electrode method | ||
| Turbidity | Light scattering method | ||
| Ammonia nitrogen | Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry, Salicylic acid spectrophotometry | ||
| Total phosphorus | Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry | ||
| Total nitrogen | Potassium persulfate digestion UV spectrophotometry | ||
| Permanganate index | Potassium permanganate oxidation method | ||
| Automatic monitoring section (floating buoy station) | water temperature | Thermal Resistor | Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs |
| pH | Glass electrode method | ||
| dissolved oxygen | fluorescence method | ||
| conductivity | Electrode method | ||
| turbidity | Light scattering method | ||
| COD | UV method | ||
| ammonia nitrogen | Ion selective electrode | ||
| Automatic monitoring section (shore base station) | water temperature | Thermal Resistor | Surface water trend monitoring |
| pH | Glass electrode method | ||
| dissolved oxygen | fluorescence method | ||
| conductivity | Electrode method | ||
| turbidity | Light scattering method | ||
| COD | UV method | ||
| ammonia nitrogen | UV method | ||
| Total Phosphorus | UV method | ||
| Total Nitrogen | UV method |
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