薄膜连栋温室大棚智能化监控systemTechnology白皮书

1、 Technical Overview: The Digital Revolution in Modern Agriculture

As a rapidly developing new type of greenhouse structure in the past decade, film connected greenhouses have become the mainstream form of facility agriculture worldwide due to their significant advantages such as light weight, minimal skeleton materials, low shading rate, cost-effectiveness, and long service life. Its environmental regulation capability is close to the level of glass greenhouses, while its cost-effectiveness far exceeds the latter.

On this basis, the intelligent monitoring system integrates modern IoT sensing technology, wireless communication, intelligent control terminals, environmental control equipment, and cloud management platform to build an automated management system covering the entire chain of "perception transmission decision-making execution". The system can preset environmental parameter thresholds according to the growth process requirements of different crops, achieving all-weather unmanned operation and creating the best growth microenvironment for crops.

2、 System core architecture and composition

2.1 Hierarchical architecture design

Perception layer: DeploymentCO₂Multi parameter sensors such as light intensity, air temperature and humidity, and soil moisture are used to collect real-time greenhouse microenvironment data with a sampling frequency1-60Adjustable in seconds.

Transport layer: SupportRS485Wired andLoRaWireless dual-mode communication.LoRaTechnical line of sight transmission up to 3 kilometers, strong penetration, and single gateway coverage32A terminal node that meets the needs of large-scale connected greenhouse group networks.

Control layerBuilt in intelligent control cabinetPLCThe logic controller and edge computing module support offline execution of local policies, which can be maintained when the network is disconnected72Automatically run every hour.

Application layerA cloud based visual monitoring center that supports multi terminal access, data analysis, policy configuration, and remote diagnosis.

2.2 Key sensor technology parameters

3、 Detailed explanation of environmental control equipment system

3.1 Electric film rolling machine ventilation system

working principleBy lifting and lowering the top and side film rollers, natural ventilation and air exchange can be achieved. Remove excess heat and moisture in summer, adjust air composition in winter, and dilute harmful gases such as ammonia and ethylene.

Technical parameters:

• Motor power:40-60W
• Roll film length:≤120m/Set
• Operating speed:4-6m/min
• Limit control: electronic travel switch, precision±5cm

Control logicWhen the indoor temperature is higher than the set value2℃At this time, the top film roller will automatically turn on; When the humidity exceeds85%RHSimultaneously open the side ventilation openings to create convection.

3.2 Sunshade net and internal shading curtain system

External shading systemThe motor drives the transmission shaft, which drives the driving rod to move in parallel and unfold the screen, with a unfolding area of80%Trigger the limit switch. Reflecting excess sunlight in summer and lowering room temperature3-5℃Close at night in winter to reduce infrared radiation and heat dissipation.

Internal shading curtain (insulation curtain):

• Summer modeReflective aluminum foil screen, shading rate50-75%Reduce the light intensity to the saturation point of crops and avoid sunburn
• Winter modeClosed hole insulation screen, thermal resistance value0.5-1.0m²·K/WEnergy saving rate achieved30-40%

Control strategyBased on real-time data from the illuminance sensor, set a three-level activation threshold (such as: 10000>5activationlux1000050%, >8activationlux1000075%, >12activationluxFully open); Based on the schedule, in the morning10automatic activation between 4 pm and 4 pm). Wet curtain fan forced cooling system

3.3 Core principle: Utilizing the heat absorption effect of water evaporation, air flows through the wet curtain and exchanges heat and humidity with the water film, reducing temperature

System configurationWet curtain5-12℃.

Thickness:

• Honeycomb paper core, wind speed passing through the curtainWater pump100mm/150mmFlow rate1.5-2.0m/s
• Water volume per square meter of wet curtainFan3-5m³/hFlow rate10L/minForming a negative pressure zone
• Linkage controlWhen the temperature is low, start the water pump to wet the wet curtain, delay30,000-50,000m³/hStop the fan first, then stop the water pump to avoid blowing water mist into the room

Mobile type. Mist spraying systemApplication scenarios>30℃Humidification, cooling, and foliar fertilization in seedling greenhouses. Each span is set30Turn on the fan in seconds; The temperature drops to26℃each pass is independently controlled by an electromagnetic valve

.

3.4 Technical parameters

Atomization pressure:Particle diameter:2-3Flow rate: per pass

Control cycle: per pass:

• Minute spray 2 minutes (adjustable)0.3-0.5MPa
• 4、 Core technology of intelligent control cabinet50-100μm
• As the "brain" of the system, the control cabinet integrates the following core functions:10-30L/h/Multi protocol data collection
• : Support20Analog input, can be connected simultaneously

Road sensor.

Intelligent algorithm engine

Fuzzy controlHandle the coupling relationship between temperature and humidity to avoid frequent start stop of equipmentModbus RTU (RS485) , LoRaWAN, 4-20mAPredictive control≥16: Predict the temperature trend in the next 2 hours based on historical data, and adjust in advance

Chain protection:

• Heating and ventilation interlock to prevent energy wasteSelf control function
• Built in ladder diagram programming environment, users can customize logic, such asAnd the illumination
• WanWhen necessary, do not turn on the fan. Manual emergency response

PLCSelf control functionBuilt in ladder diagram programming environment, users can customize logic, such as"CO₂>1200ppmAnd the illumination<2ten thousandluxDo not turn on the fan.

Manual emergency responseThe control panel retains physical buttons, which can be manually operated on site in case of network failure to ensure production safety.

5、 Function matrix of IoT monitoring platform

5.1 Digital management of production processes

Core breakthroughTransform the experience of senior agronomists into replicable digital models.

Implementation steps:

1. Parameter presetFor different crops (such as tomatoes, cucumbers, strawberries, etc.), pre-set temperature, humidity, and light for each growth stage (seedling stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage)CO₂Target value
2. Dynamic adjustmentThe cloud platform automatically switches process stages based on accumulated temperature and light accumulation
3. Strategy reuseThe model can be copied to a new greenhouse with just one click, achieving standardized planting

case Tomato production technologyDelayed seedling stage

• During the dayAt night25-28℃, shading rate18-20℃Flowering period30%
• During the dayAt night23-25℃Fertilization until15-18℃, CO₂Swelling period800ppm
• During the dayIncrease the temperature difference to26-30℃, lighting8-10℃Wan>3Visual monitoring interfacelux

5.2 Configuration screen

• Greenhouse model, real-time display of sensor values and equipment operating status in each area (green=running, gray=stopped, red=fault): 2D/3DTrend analysis
• Support multi parameter comparison on the same screen, such as temperature curve and heater operation status overlay analysisReport Center
• Automatically generate daily and weekly reports, including average temperature, cumulative electricity consumption, equipment operating hours, etcMulti level alarm systemKPI

5.3 Warning rules

Level 1 alarm:

• The temperature exceeds the set valuePush notifications±2℃, APPLevel 2 alarm
• Sensor offlineMinutes, SMS notification>15Level 3 alarm
• The temperature did not rise within 1 hour after the heater was started, and there was an alarm via phone and WeChatFault diagnosis knowledge base

The platform records fault phenomena and solutions, forms a case library, and assists in rapid troubleshooting.6、 Application scenarios and benefit analysis

Facility vegetable cultivation

6.1 Pain points

Traditional greenhouses rely on manual experience, have large environmental fluctuations, and are prone to frequent diseases.Solution

After deploying the intelligent monitoring system, the fluctuation range of environmental parameters is reduced, the incidence rate of downy mildew decreased50%Increase yield per mu60%The cost of energy has decreased15-20%Data examples25%.

A cucumber base in Shandong has a stable nighttime temperature during winterThe humidity is controlled at18±0.5℃Below, the fruiting period is extended85%Below, the fruiting period is extended20Heaven.

6.2 Seedling factory

DemandSeedlings are extremely sensitive to the environment and require precise control.

to configureAdd fog spray system and fill light, and set "hourly level" process parameters on the platform. Humidity control accuracy±3%RH, temperature±0.5℃The seedling rate has increased to95%Above.

6.3 Planting flowers and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs

ApplicationButterfly orchids require a temperature difference between day and night>8℃Dendrobium officinale requires a high humidity and shaded environment. The system automatically switches parameters through the "day night mode" to meet the stringent requirements of high-end crops.

6.4 Agricultural research and education

ValueProvide long-term stable environmental data to support the reproducibility of scientific research experiments. Data opennessAPIInterface for easy access to university research platforms.

7、 Key points for installation, deployment, and operation and maintenance

7.1 Sensor deployment specifications

• High standardsThe air temperature and humidity sensor is located above the ground1.5m, CO₂The sensor is positioned above the ground0.5m(Crop canopy), place the illuminance sensor in an unobstructed area
• Density principle: Every500-1000Deploy 1 set of environmental sensors per square meter, per200Deploy one soil moisture point per square meter
• Calibration cycleAt least once a year, calibrate the standard instrument to ensure data accuracy

7.2 Equipment maintenance plan

8、 Economic evaluation and ecological value

8.1 Investment return analysis

Taking a 1-hectare connected greenhouse as an example:

Revenue Calculation:

• Yield increaseAnnual income increase2-3Ten thousand yuan (10-15%increased production)
• Energy saving benefitsAnnual energy-saving agreement1.5Ten thousand degrees, saving1.2Ten thousand yuan
• Drug saving benefitsReduced diseases and pesticide costs0.5Ten thousand yuan
• Labor savingsReduce one full-time management personnel, saving 30000 yuan annually

Investment payback period: About2-3Year, equipment design lifespan>10Year.

8.2 Ecological benefits

• Water conservationAdopting precise irrigation to save water40-50%
• Reduce medicationControllable environment reduces diseases and pesticide use30%
• Energy savingOptimize heating/cooling timing to reduce energy consumption25-35%
• Carbon sinkStrong crop growth and enhanced carbon sequestration capacity

9、 Future development trends

9.1 Technological evolution direction

AIGrowth modelDeep learning crop photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration models, dynamically optimizing environmental parameters, and saving energy compared to fixed thresholds10-15%.

Digital twin greenhouseBuild a virtual greenhouse, simulate the effects of different regulatory strategies, and execute them after digital space verification to reduce trial and error costs.

Robot collaborationShare environmental data with pollination robots and harvesting robots to achieve collaborative scheduling of "environment job".

Blockchain traceabilityEnvironmental data is on chain, tamper proof, supporting green agricultural product certification and brand premium.

9.2 Standardization and policy support

• Compliant with the "Technical Specification for Facility Agriculture Internet of Things" (NY/T 4056-2021)
• included in the subsidy catalog for national digital agriculture innovation application base construction projects
• data interface standardization, supporting access to provincial and ministerial level agricultural big data platforms

10. Implementation suggestions and risk avoidance

10.1 selection points

1. communication methodspriority for contiguous greenhousesLoRaselection of dispersed plots4GEnable local storage+breakpoint resume in unstable network areas
2. power supply guaranteeconfiguration of key equipmentUPSdual power supply of municipal power and solar energy
3. expansion reservationcontrol cabinet reservation20%IOinterface, facilitating subsequent addition of sensors

10.2 risks and countermeasures

Conclusion: Opening a new era of factory planting

The intelligent monitoring system for film connected greenhouses upgrades traditional experience planting into a quantifiable, replicable, and optimizable factory production mode through "data-driven decision-making and precise equipment execution". It not only improves crop yield and quality, but also promotes the transformation of agriculture from labor-intensive to technology intensive. With the maturity of technology and the decrease of costs, intelligent greenhouses will inevitably become the core engine to ensure the safety of the "vegetable basket" and promote rural revitalization.

Core valuesLet every crop grow in a tailored environment, maximize the benefits of every input, and make agriculture a smart industry with technology, data, and future.