{"id":45425,"date":"2026-07-01T13:34:42","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T05:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.modbus.cn\/45425.html"},"modified":"2026-07-01T13:34:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T05:34:42","slug":"modbus-%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%98%b2%e6%8a%a4%e7%99%bd%e7%9a%ae%e4%b9%a6%ef%bc%9a9%e4%b8%aa%e6%98%8e%e6%96%87%e4%bc%a0%e8%be%93%e7%9a%84%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%e5%9c%ba%e6%99%af%e4%b8%8e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.modbus.cn\/en\/45425.html","title":{"rendered":"Modbus \u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u767d\u76ae\u4e66\uff1a9\u4e2a\u660e\u6587\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u98ce\u9669\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u5206\u5c42\u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8bdd<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modbus \u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u2014\u20141979 \u5e74 Modicon \u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fde\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u90fd\u6ca1\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u5929 PLC \u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 4G \u6a21\u5757\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u300c\u7535\u7f06\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8001\u9f20\u54ac\u65ad\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u5728 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u505a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868 Modbus \u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u673a\u67dc\u91cc\u3001\u5728\u88ab\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u4e0a\u3001\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 RS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\uff0cModbus \u660e\u6587\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\uff1f\u51fa\u5728\u4f60\u628a\u90a3\u6839 RS-485 \u7ebf\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a 4G DTU\uff0c\u7136\u540e DTU \u914d\u4e86\u4e2a\u516c\u7f51 IP\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5bc6\u7801\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e0d\u8bb2\u5b89\u5168\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e5d\u4e2a\u4f60\u6211\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5982\u679c\u300d\u800c\u662f\u300c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u300d\u3002\u7136\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u5728\u4e0d\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u4e0d\u63a8\u7ffb\u73b0\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u628a\u98ce\u9669\u964d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modbus \u5230\u5e95\u7f3a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5148\u641e\u6e05\u695a Modbus \u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u5c31\u80fd\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\u3002** Modbus TCP \u7684 MBAP \u5934\u91cc\u6709\u4e2a Unit ID \u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c1 \u5b57\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u73a9\u610f\u513f\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8eab\u4efd\u51ed\u8bc1\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u529f\u80fd\u7801 0x03 \u8bfb\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7801 0x06 \u5199\u5355\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u8bd5\u8bd5\u770b\uff1atelnet \u8fc7\u53bb\u53d1 `x00x01x00x00x00x06x01x03x00x00x00x01` \u2014\u2014\u53ea\u8981\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u7ebf\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 token\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u62ff\u529f\u80fd\u7801 0x05 \u5199\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u5708\u6765\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e27\u53ea\u6709 12 \u5b57\u8282\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>| TX ID   | Proto | Len  | UID | FC  | Coil Addr | Value    |\n|---------|-------|------|-----|-----|-----------|----------|\n| 00 01   | 00 00 | 00 06| 01  | 05  | 00 01     | FF 00    |<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e27\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u628a\u8bbe\u5907 01 \u7684\u7ebf\u5708\u5730\u5740 0001 \u7f6e\u4e3a ON\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684 SCADA \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u8fd9\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u4e0a 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u4f1a\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002** TCP \u8f7d\u8377\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u90fd\u662f\u660e\u6587\u3002Wireshark \u7528 `modbus` \u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5230\u4e8b\u52a1 ID\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6570\u636e\u503c\u3002\u6293\u4e00\u5305 Modbus TCP \u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u4e8e\u62ff\u5230\u6574\u5957\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5fc3\u4eba\u770b\u4f60\u5de5\u5382\u7684 Modbus \u6d41\u91cf\u4e94\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u80fd\u753b\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**CRC \u9a8c\u4e0d\u4e86\u7be1\u6539\u3002** Modbus RTU \u7684 CRC-16 \u548c Modbus TCP \u4f9d\u8d56\u7684 TCP \u6821\u9a8c\u548c\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u68c0\u6d4b\u7269\u7406\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u9519\u8bef\u2014\u2014\u7ebf\u7f06\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u7535\u78c1\u5e72\u6270\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ffb\u8f6c\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9632\u523b\u610f\u7be1\u6539\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u622a\u83b7\u4e00\u5e27\uff0c\u6539\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97 CRC\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u4ece\u7ad9\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e27\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6539\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u653b\u51fb\u6d41\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u539f\u59cb\u5e27 (\u4e3b\u7ad9\u2192\u4ece\u7ad9): 01 06 00 01 17 70 D8 0B  (\u5199\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5730\u57400001=6000, \u5bf9\u5e9450Hz)\n\u622a\u83b7\u2192\u7be1\u6539\u540e\u5e27:        01 06 00 01 02 58 C9 C3  (\u6539\u6210600, \u5bf9\u5e945Hz)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CRC \u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e5f\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ece\u7ad9\u6536\u5230\u540e\u7167\u6837\u6267\u884c\u3002\u53d8\u9891\u5668\u4e0a\u9650\u9891\u7387\u4ece 50Hz \u53d8\u6210\u4e86 5Hz\u2014\u2014\u7535\u673a\u6ca1\u70e7\uff0c\u4f46\u6cf5\u4e0d\u51fa\u6c34\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u6ca1\u6709\u9632\u91cd\u653e\u3002** Modbus \u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff08MBAP \u91cc\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1 ID \u53ea\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5339\u914d\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u5e8f\u53f7\uff09\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u5e27\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9650\u91cd\u653e\u3002\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u4f60\u7ed9\u98ce\u673a\u53d1\u4e86\u505c\u673a\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e2a\u6708\u518d\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u2014\u2014\u89e3\u7801\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u7167\u6837\u505c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e5d\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u98ce\u9669\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u662f\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73b0\u573a\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u78b0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u540c\u884c\u804a\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 1\uff1aModbus TCP \u76f4\u8fde\u516c\u7f51\u2014\u2014502 \u7aef\u53e3\u66b4\u9732\u5728 Shodan \u4e0a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shodan \u4e0a\u641c `port:502`\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6570\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6da8\u3002\u4e24\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5927\u6982\u516d\u4e03\u5343\u53f0\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u65e9\u5c31\u8fc7\u4e07\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u91cc\u6709 PLC\u3001RTU\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u8868\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8dd1\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6302\u5728\u6c34\u5382 SCADA \u7684\u4e3b\u5e72\u7f51\u4e0a\u3002Shodan \u8fd8\u4f1a\u6293\u53d6\u8bbe\u5907\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 Modbus \u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907\u578b\u53f7\u3001\u56fa\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u7528\u7834\u89e3\u3002\u4f60\u628a\u8bbe\u5907 IP \u914d\u6210\u516c\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff0c502 \u7aef\u53e3\u6ca1\u505a\u4efb\u4f55 ACL\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5c31\u8ddf\u628a\u8f66\u95f4\u5927\u95e8\u5f00\u7740\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u64cd\u4f5c\u9762\u677f\u5bf9\u7740\u9a6c\u8def\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nmap \u626b\u4e00\u4e0b\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -p 502 --script modbus-discover &lt;target_ip&gt;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a NSE \u811a\u672c\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u8bbe\u5907\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u5907\u54cd\u5e94\u4e86 0x11\uff08\u62a5\u544a\u4ece\u7ad9 ID\uff09\u6216 0x2B\uff08\u8bbe\u5907\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5236\u9020\u5546\u3001\u4ea7\u54c1\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u56fa\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u3002\u96f6\u95e8\u69db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 2\uff1a\u6c34\u5382\/\u53d8\u7535\u7ad9 Modbus RTU \u901a\u8fc7 4G DTU \u900f\u660e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0a\u4e91<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73b0\u573a\u7528\u7684\u662f RS-485 \u8dd1 Modbus RTU\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u53f0\u4eea\u8868\u6302\u5728\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u52a0\u4e86\u4e2a 4G DTU\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6210\u900f\u660e\u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014DTU \u628a\u4e32\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u6253\u5305\u6210 TCP \u5305\u53d1\u5230\u4e91\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u516c\u7f51 IP\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3 8899\uff08\u4e0d\u662f 502\uff0c\u4f46\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\u9898\u6765\u4e86\uff1aDTU \u548c\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u662f\u660e\u6587 TCP\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u94fe\u8def\u505a MITM\uff08\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\uff09\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u653b\u51fb\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5185\u90e8\u4eba\u5458\u30014G \u4fe1\u53f7\u52ab\u6301\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6216\u8005\u540c\u57fa\u7ad9\u4e0b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u5229\u7528 LTE \u7f51\u7edc\u6f0f\u6d1e\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. \u76d1\u542c\u6240\u6709 Modbus RTU \u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\n2. \u6ce8\u5165\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u5199\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u7801 0x06 \u6216 0x10\uff09\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u5907\u53c2\u6570\n3. \u751a\u81f3\u5411\u4ece\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u5e7f\u64ad\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u5730\u5740 0x00\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53bb\u5e74\u6709\u4e2a\u6c34\u5382\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u4e91\u5e73\u53f0 IP \u8fde\u4e0a\u4e86 DTU \u7684\u540e\u53f0\u7ba1\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5bc6\u7801 admin\/admin\uff09\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u6cf5\u7ad9\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u754c\u9762\u3002\u4e07\u5e78\u53ea\u662f\u770b\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 3\uff1aModbus \u8f6c MQTT \u7f51\u5173\u2014\u2014MQTT \u4fa7\u88f8\u5954<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff1aModbus RTU \u8bbe\u5907 \u2192 \u7f51\u5173\u505a\u534f\u8bae\u8f6c\u6362 \u2192 MQTT Broker\uff08\u4e91\u7aef\u6216\u672c\u5730\uff09\u2192 \u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u6d88\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f51\u5173\u628a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6570\u636e\u6620\u5c04\u6210 MQTT Topic\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 `\/plant1\/pump1\/pressure` \u2192 \u4fdd\u6301\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 40001 \u7684\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014MQTT \u7684\u53d1\u5e03\/\u8ba2\u9605\u6a21\u578b\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd4 Modbus \u8f6e\u8be2\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e91\u7aef\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u5728 MQTT \u4fa7\uff1a\u5f88\u591a\u90e8\u7f72\u6ca1\u5f00 TLS\uff0cBroker \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bc1\u4e66\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0cTopic \u6ca1\u6709 ACL\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053 Broker \u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u901a\u5e38 1883\uff0c\u660e\u6587 MQTT \u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u7528 `mosquitto_sub` \u5c31\u80fd\u8ba2\u9605\u6240\u6709 Topic\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mosquitto_sub -h &lt;broker_ip&gt; -p 1883 -t &quot;#&quot; -v<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">`#` \u662f MQTT \u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u8ba2\u9605\u6240\u6709 Topic\u3002\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u3001\u7535\u8868\u8bfb\u6570\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u72b6\u6001\u5168\u90e8\u5230\u624b\u3002\u5982\u679c Broker \u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u5e03\uff08\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u63a7\u5236\u529f\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u63a7\u5236 Topic \u53d1\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mosquitto_pub -h &lt;broker_ip&gt; -p 1883 -t &quot;\/plant1\/pump1\/control&quot; -m &quot;STOP&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 4\uff1a\u5de5\u5382\u5185\u7f51 Wi-Fi \u4e0a\u7684 Modbus TCP \u88ab\u55c5\u63a2<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5c11\u5de5\u5382\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e03\u7ebf\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u628a Modbus TCP \u8bbe\u5907\u548c SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6302\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a Wi-Fi \u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u3002Wi-Fi \u5bc6\u7801\u5199\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d34\u5728\u673a\u67dc\u5916\u9762\u2014\u2014\u9632\u541b\u5b50\u4e0d\u9632\u5c0f\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5185\u90e8\u5458\u5de5\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bbf\u5ba2\u3001\u7ef4\u4fdd\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u79bb\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff09\u8fde\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e2a Wi-Fi \u540e\uff0cModbus TCP \u6d41\u91cf\u5168\u662f\u5e7f\u64ad\u57df\u5185\u7684\u660e\u6587\u3002Wireshark \u6293\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668: modbus &amp;&amp; tcp.port == 502<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6293\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8fd8\u60f3\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0cARP \u6b3a\u9a97\u628a SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5f15\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u8f6c\u53d1\u2014\u2014\u8bbe\u5907\u7aef\u7684 Modbus \u901a\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0cSCADA \u754c\u9762\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u540e\u53f0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u88ab\u5b9e\u65f6\u7a83\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 5\uff1a\u697c\u5b87\u81ea\u63a7 BACnet-Modbus \u7f51\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u9875\u672a\u8bbe\u5bc6\u7801<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u697c\u5b87\u81ea\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0cBACnet \u548c Modbus \u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u5173\u4e0a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982 Delta Controls\u3001Siemens Desigo \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u5173\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u65e2\u6709 Modbus RTU \u63a5\u53e3\u63a5\u4eea\u8868\uff0c\u53c8\u6709 BACnet\/IP \u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a BMS\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u5173\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a Web \u914d\u7f6e\u9875\u9762\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u96c6\u6210\u5546\u4e0a\u7ebf\u65f6\u53ea\u6539 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u597d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u5382\u9ed8\u8ba4\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8005\u538b\u6839\u6ca1\u8bbe\u5bc6\u7801\u3002Web \u9875\u9762\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u5730\u5740\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7ebf\u8c03\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u53d1 Modbus \u8bfb\u5199\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shodan \u4e0a\u641c `BACnet gateway` \u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u5173\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002\u8fdb\u53bb\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u770b\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5728 Web \u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u6539\u6696\u901a\u9600\u95e8\u5f00\u5ea6\u3001\u8bbe\u7a7a\u8c03\u6e29\u5ea6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u503c\u3001\u542f\u505c\u51b7\u6c34\u673a\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 6\uff1a\u98ce\u7535\u573a SCADA \u7684 Modbus \u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u88ab\u91cd\u653e<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u98ce\u7535\u573a SCADA \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u7528 Modbus TCP \u548c\u98ce\u673a PLC \u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u5305\u62ec\u542f\u505c\u3001\u6868\u8ddd\u89d2\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u504f\u822a\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u529f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2015 \u5e74\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7535\u7f51\u653b\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9 OT \u5b89\u5168\u603b\u7b97\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4f46\u98ce\u573a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\u2014\u2014\u5f88\u591a\u98ce\u573a\u5efa\u5728\u504f\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4f9d\u8d56 VPN \u6216\u4e13\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5927\uff0cVPN \u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u5e38\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6761\u300c\u7d27\u6025\u505c\u673a\u300dModbus \u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u7801 0x05\uff0c\u5199\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u5708\uff09\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u574f\u4eba\u622a\u83b7\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u4ec0\u4e48\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f VPN \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u88ab\u63a7\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u88ab\u690d\u5165\u6728\u9a6c\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5185\u7f51\u6a2a\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e27\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3 Modbus \u534f\u8bae\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u91cd\u653e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e27\u3002\u98ce\u673a\u6536\u5230\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u505c\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u91cd\u653e\u4e0d\u6311\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4e0d\u6311\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53d1\u4e00\u767e\u6b21\u3002\u800c Modbus \u534f\u8bae\u539f\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 7\uff1aOEM \u8bbe\u5907\u9ed8\u8ba4\u914d\u7f6e\u88ab\u5229\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OEM \u8bbe\u5907\u5382\u5546\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fa\u8d27\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684 PLC\/RTU \u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4ece\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5730\u5740 01\uff09\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u652f\u6301\u5217\u8868\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5382\u5546\u5728\u56fa\u4ef6\u91cc\u5199\u6b7b\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u53c2\u6570\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6cd5\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u8c03\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u90e8\u7f72\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u5669\u68a6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u9879\u76ee\u7528\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u6279\u9006\u53d8\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4ece\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u662f 01\uff0c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\uff0840001=\u529f\u7387\uff0c40003=\u7535\u538b\uff0c40005=\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c40101=\u5f00\u5173\u673a\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u653b\u7834\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u8005\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b49\u4e8e\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u522b\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u7528\u91cd\u65b0\u4fa6\u5bdf\u2014\u2014\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 8\uff1a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5199\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u2014\u2014\u4fee\u6539\u8bbe\u5907\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u6700\u5371\u9669\u3002Modbus \u7684\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0d\u5149\u5b58\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u8bbe\u5907\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53d8\u9891\u5668\u4e0a\u9650\u9891\u7387\u3001PID \u53c2\u6570\u3001\u62a5\u8b66\u9608\u503c\u3001\u6821\u51c6\u7cfb\u6570\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u3002\u80fd\u5199\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7269\u7406\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u8bbe\u5907<\/th><th>\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5730\u5740<\/th><th>\u53c2\u6570<\/th><th>\u6b63\u5e38\u503c<\/th><th>\u6076\u610f\u503c<\/th><th>\u540e\u679c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u53d8\u9891\u5668<\/td><td>40018<\/td><td>\u4e0a\u9650\u9891\u7387<\/td><td>5000 (=50Hz)<\/td><td>500 (=5Hz)<\/td><td>\u6cf5\u51fa\u6c34\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ea7\u7ebf\u505c\u4ea7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6e29\u63a7\u5668<\/td><td>40005<\/td><td>\u76ee\u6807\u6e29\u5ea6<\/td><td>250 (=25.0\u2103)<\/td><td>800 (=80.0\u2103)<\/td><td>\u8fc7\u6e29\u4fdd\u62a4\u8df3\u95f8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u6539\u4f4e\u5bfc\u81f4\u51bb\u7ed3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u7535\u8868<\/td><td>40045<\/td><td>\u7535\u6d41\u53d8\u6bd4<\/td><td>100<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>\u7535\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u504f\u5dee\u767e\u500d\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u6838\u7b97\u5d29\u76d8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PLC<\/td><td>40001<\/td><td>\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td><td>1 (\u8fd0\u884c)<\/td><td>0 (\u505c\u6b62)<\/td><td>\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9 PLC \u505c\u6b62\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u590d\u6742\u653b\u51fb\u3002nmap \u7684 modbus-discover \u811a\u672c\u626b\u4e00\u904d\u62ff\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u7136\u540e modbus-cli \u6216 pymodbus \u76f4\u63a5\u5f80\u91cc\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>from pymodbus.client import ModbusTcpClient\nclient = ModbusTcpClient(&apos;192.168.1.100&apos;)\nclient.write_register(18, 500)  # \u628a\u53d8\u9891\u5668\u4e0a\u9650\u9891\u7387\u6539\u62105Hz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56db\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u6743\u9650\u3002\u53d8\u9891\u5668\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u5c31\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u573a\u666f 9\uff1aRS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u5165\u2014\u2014\u8f66\u95f4\u95e8\u6ca1\u9501<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u96f6\u3002\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u5bf9\u5dee\u5206\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ebf\uff08A+\/B-\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5728\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a USB-RS485 \u8f6c\u6362\u5668\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. **\u88ab\u52a8\u76d1\u542c**\uff1a\u628a\u6240\u6709 RS-485 \u6d41\u91cf\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u79bb\u7ebf\u5206\u6790\n2. **\u4e3b\u52a8\u6ce8\u5165**\uff1a\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u4e3b\u7ad9\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\n3. **\u603b\u7ebf\u5e72\u6270**\uff1a\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u9020\u6210\u603b\u7ebf\u51b2\u7a81\uff0cDDoS \u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e2a USB-RS485 \u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u6dd8\u5b9d\u5341\u51e0\u5757\u94b1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u667a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5728\u591c\u73ed\u5de1\u68c0\u65f6\uff0c\u8d81\u4eba\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u628a\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u85cf\u5728\u7ebf\u69fd\u91cc\uff0c\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u578b 4G \u6a21\u5757\u505a\u8fdc\u7a0b\u63a5\u5165\u3002\u8c01\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff1f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5 RS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5173\u952e\u662f RS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u7ad9\u5171\u4eab\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7aef\u53e3\u63a5\u5165\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u6302\u4e0a\u53bb\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002Modbus RTU \u7684\u4ece\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u6709 1-247\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u679a\u4e3e\u6240\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u63a2\u6d4b\u8bbe\u5907\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5206\u5c42\u9632\u5fa1\uff1a\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u5230\u76d1\u63a7\u5c42\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u65b9\u6848<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e5d\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u9760\u5355\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u89e3\u51b3 Modbus \u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\uff0c\u9632\u62a4\u4e5f\u5f97\u8ddf\u7740\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bb2\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u5f00\u6e90\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u8005\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6309\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u6761\u4ef6\u6311\u7740\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1a\u628a Modbus \u5173\u8fdb\u7b3c\u5b50<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u5f8b\uff1aModbus 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u4e0a\u3002** \u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u600e\u4e48\u5f3a\u8c03\u90fd\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u8ddf\u4f60\u8bf4\u300c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a IP \u914d\u6210\u516c\u7f51\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ef4\u62a4\u65b9\u4fbf\u300d\u2014\u2014\u6362\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u9632\u706b\u5899 ACL \u767d\u540d\u5355\u3002** \u4e0d\u662f\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u662f\u767d\u540d\u5355\u3002502 \u7aef\u53e3\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9a IP\uff08SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91c7\u96c6\u7f51\u5173\uff09\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002Linux iptables \u4e24\u884c\u641e\u5b9a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 502 -s 192.168.10.0\/24 -j ACCEPT\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 502 -j DROP<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u5907 CPU \u8dd1\u4e0d\u52a8 iptables\uff0c\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08\u51e0\u767e\u5757\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u5de5\u4e1a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5c31\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\/\u4e09\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0a\u505a ACL\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**VLAN \u9694\u79bb\u3002** \u628a Modbus \u8bbe\u5907\u653e\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 VLAN \u91cc\uff0c\u548c\u529e\u516c\u7f51\u7edc\u3001Wi-Fi \u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8bbf\u5ba2\u7f51\u7edc\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u79bb\u3002VLAN \u95f4\u8def\u7531\u53ea\u653e\u884c SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5230 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u8def\u7531\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u505a MAC \u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u8bbe\u5907\u62d4\u4e86\u6362\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**VPN\/IPsec \u96a7\u9053\u3002** \u9700\u8981\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u8d70 VPN \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u7aef\u53e3\u5f00\u5230\u516c\u7f51\u4e0a\u3002IPsec \u6216 WireGuard \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002OpenVPN \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u6d41\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u96a7\u9053\npush &quot;route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86 Modbus \u6d41\u91cf\u59cb\u7ec8\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u96a7\u9053\u91cc\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u62e6\u622a\u4e86 VPN \u94fe\u8def\uff0cTLS\/AES \u52a0\u5bc6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u62ff\u4e0d\u5230\u660e\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1aModbus \u52a0 TLS \u7684\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63d0\u5230 Modbus \u52a0 TLS\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u8bf4\u73b0\u72b6\uff1a**Modbus Organization \u5728 2018 \u5e74 10 \u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 Modbus\/TCP Security \u89c4\u8303**\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7aef\u53e3\u4ece 502 \u6539\u4e3a 802\uff0cTLS 1.2 \u5f3a\u5236\uff0cX.509v3 \u8bc1\u4e66\u505a\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u5165\u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08Role-Based Access Control\uff0cRBAC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u89d2\u8272 ID<\/th><th>\u89d2\u8272\u540d<\/th><th>\u6743\u9650<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>0<\/td><td>Administrator<\/td><td>\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u3001\u5168\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Operator<\/td><td>\u8bfb\u5199\u6240\u6709\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Engineer<\/td><td>\u8c03\u8bd5\u8bca\u65ad\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Observer<\/td><td>\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86 Modbus \u65e0\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5fc5\u987b\u6301\u6709\u6709\u6548\u8bc1\u4e66\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb TLS \u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5b57\u6bb5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u652f\u6301 802 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5c11\u5f97\u53ef\u601c\u3002\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b58\u91cf\u8bbe\u5907\u53ea\u652f\u6301 502 \u660e\u6587\u3002\u4e0d\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u600e\u4e48\u52a0 TLS\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**stunnel \u65b9\u6848\u3002** stunnel \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7684 TLS \u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u4efb\u610f TCP \u8fde\u63a5\u5c01\u88c5\u5230 TLS \u96a7\u9053\u91cc\u3002\u90e8\u7f72\u67b6\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SCADA \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef \u2192 stunnel(\u672c\u5730127.0.0.1:1502) \u2192 TLS \u2192 stunnel(\u8fdc\u7a0b) \u2192 \u8bbe\u5907(502)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">stunnel \u914d\u7f6e\u5f88\u77ed\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef stunnel.conf\n[modbus-client]\nclient = yes\naccept = 127.0.0.1:1502\nconnect = 192.168.10.1:802\nverifyChain = yes\nCAfile = \/etc\/stunnel\/ca.pem\ncert = \/etc\/stunnel\/client.pem\nkey = \/etc\/stunnel\/client.key\n\n# \u670d\u52a1\u7aef stunnel.conf\n[modbus-server]\nclient = no\naccept = 802\nconnect = 127.0.0.1:502\ncert = \/etc\/stunnel\/server.pem\nkey = \/etc\/stunnel\/server.key\nCAfile = \/etc\/stunnel\/ca.pem\nverifyChain = yes<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fde `127.0.0.1:1502` \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 502\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684 TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5c42\u5b8c\u5168\u900f\u660e\u3002stunnel \u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u767e KB\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8dd1\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Linux \u7f51\u5173\u3001\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u3001\u751a\u81f3 OpenWrt \u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a** stunnel \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u52a0\u5bc6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u8ba4\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u4f20\u8f93\u94fe\u8def\u4e0d\u88ab\u7a83\u542c\u548c\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6 TLS \u96a7\u9053\u5efa\u597d\uff0cModbus \u5e27\u672c\u8eab\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u660e\u6587\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u660e\u6587\u53ea\u5728\u52a0\u5bc6\u96a7\u9053\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5185\u7f51\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u7f51\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u8bbe\u5907\u7684 502\uff0cstunnel \u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1aModbus \u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7406\/\u7f51\u5173<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7aef\u90e8\u7f72 stunnel\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5728 Modbus \u603b\u7ebf\u548c\u4e0a\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7406\/\u7f51\u5173\u662f\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moxa MGate \u7cfb\u5217\u3001Hilscher netTAP\u3001Advantech ADAM-4570 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7f51\u5173\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u5173\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; \u54ea\u4e2a IP \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ece\u7ad9\u5730\u5740\n&#8211; \u5141\u8bb8\u54ea\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u901a\u8fc7\n&#8211; \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7ea7\u8bfb\u5199\u63a7\u5236\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u5730\u5740 40001-40050 \u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c40051-40100 \u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\n&#8211; \u8fde\u63a5\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff08\u9632\u66b4\u529b\u8f6e\u8be2\/DoS\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9009\u578b\u65f6\u770b\u6e05\u695a\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709 Modbus \u7f51\u5173\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7f51\u5173\u53ea\u662f\u505a\u900f\u4f20\uff0cACL \u529f\u80fd\u5728\u9009\u578b\u8868\u91cc\u8981\u627e `Access Control` \u6216 `Security Policy` \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f00\u6e90\u65b9\u6848\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u7528 pymodbus \u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7406\u4e5f\u5c31\u51e0\u767e\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># \u7b80\u5316\u7248 Modbus \u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7406\u903b\u8f91\nALLOWED_FUNCTION_CODES = {0x03, 0x04, 0x06, 0x10}  # \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7801\nREAD_ONLY_REGISTERS = range(40001, 40051)  # \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u53ea\u8bfb\n\ndef proxy_handler(request):\n    if request.function_code not in ALLOWED_FUNCTION_CODES:\n        return exception_response(request.function_code, 0x01)  # \u975e\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u7801\n    \n    if request.function_code in {0x06, 0x10}:\n        for addr in request.addresses:\n            if addr in READ_ONLY_REGISTERS:\n                return exception_response(request.function_code, 0x02)  # \u975e\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u5730\u5740\n    \n    # \u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u5907\n    return forward_to_device(request)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u51e0\u884c\u6321\u6389\u4e86\u573a\u666f 8 \u91cc\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5199\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7269\u7406\u5c42\uff1aRS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u300c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5d\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u91cc\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u548c\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u5165\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. **\u673a\u67dc\u4e0a\u9501\u3002** \u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u94a5\u5319\u9501\u2014\u2014\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u95e8\u7981\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8c01\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2a\u673a\u67dc\u3002\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u51cc\u6668\u4e24\u4e09\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u673a\u67dc\u5f00\u95e8=\u7269\u7406\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\n2. **RS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u7528\u5e26\u5c4f\u853d\u7684\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\u8d70\u7ebf\u69fd\u3002** \u7ebf\u69fd\u52a0\u5c01\u6761\uff0c\u62c6\u5f00\u6709\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u9632\u4e0d\u4f4f\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7559\u4e0b\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\n3. **USB \u7aef\u53e3\u7981\u7528\u3002** \u5de5\u5382\u91cc\u7684\u5de5\u63a7\u673a\/HMI \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d2 U \u76d8\u3002BIOS \u7981\u7528 USB\u3001Windows \u7ec4\u7b56\u7565\u7981\u7528\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d2 USB-RS485 \u8f6c\u6362\u5668\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\n4. **\u603b\u7ebf\u7ec8\u7aef\u7535\u963b\u52a0\u9632\u62c6\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002** RS-485 \u603b\u7ebf\u4e24\u7aef\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a 120\u03a9 \u7ec8\u7aef\u7535\u963b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u963b\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff08\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u7ebf\u4e2d\u95f4\u63a5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u8bbe\u5907\u5bfc\u81f4\u963b\u6297\u53d8\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u7ebf\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u7279\u6027\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u603b\u7ebf\u5206\u6790\u4eea\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82b1\u4e0d\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\uff0c\u4f46\u6321\u4f4f 90% \u7684\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u76d1\u63a7\u5c42\uff1aModbus \u6d41\u91cf\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63aa\u65bd\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u8fdb\u6765\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u300c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86\u300d\u6216\u8005\u300c\u5408\u6cd5\u7528\u6237\u505a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u4e8b\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f60\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modbus \u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7279\u5f81\u5f88\u660e\u786e\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u534f\u8bae\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc6\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u8f6e\u8be2\u5468\u671f\u7a81\u53d8\u3002** SCADA \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u5468\u671f\u8f6e\u8be2\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4ece\u7ad9\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u7a81\u7136\u4ece 1 \u6b21\/\u79d2\u53d8\u6210 100 \u6b21\/\u79d2\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u662f SCADA \u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u66b4\u529b\u626b\u63cf\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u51fa\u73b0\u3002** \u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u7528\u4e86 0x03\uff08\u8bfb\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff09\u548c 0x06\uff08\u5199\u5355\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff09\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73b0 0x08\uff08\u8bca\u65ad\uff09\u6216 0x2B\uff08\u8bbe\u5907\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u8bf7\u6c42\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4fa6\u5bdf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u975e\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u6d41\u91cf\u3002** \u5de5\u5382\u505c\u4ea7\u65f6\u6bb5\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u665a\u4e0a 11 \u70b9\u5230\u65e9\u4e0a 6 \u70b9\uff09\uff0cModbus \u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bfb\u5199\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u62a5\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u5f02\u5e38\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u7ec4\u5408\u3002** \u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u51fa\u73b0 0x05\uff08\u5199\u5355\u4e2a\u7ebf\u5708\uff09\u30010x06\uff08\u5199\u5355\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff09\u30010x10\uff08\u5199\u591a\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff09\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u4e14\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u533a\u57df\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u6076\u610f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f00\u6e90\u5de5\u5177\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Zeek (\u539fBro) \u6709 Modbus \u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790\u5668\n# \u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u68c0\u6d4b\u811a\u672c\u653e\u5728 Zeek \u7684\u7b56\u7565\u76ee\u5f55<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wireshark + Modbus \u63d2\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u79bb\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\u6293\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7528 Wireshark \u7684 `Statistics` \u2192 `Protocol Hierarchy` \u2192 `Modbus` \u770b\u529f\u80fd\u7801\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u7801 0x08 \u548c 0x2B \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u7ea2\u65d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nmap \u7684 `modbus-discover` NSE \u811a\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u5468\u671f\u6027\u5730\u4ece\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u7684 Modbus \u8bbe\u5907\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>nmap -p 502 --script modbus-discover 192.168.10.0\/24<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u4e25\u91cd\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u53c2\u8003<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00\u8bb2\u6cd5\u89c4\u6761\u6587\uff0c\u53ea\u8bf4\u5bf9 Modbus \u90e8\u7f72\u76f4\u63a5\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u51e0\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**IEC 62443-3-3** \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e03\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u8981\u6c42\uff08FR1-FR7\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d FR2\uff08\u4f7f\u7528\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u5de5\u4e1a\u901a\u4fe1\u5b9e\u65bd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\uff0cFR3\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u901a\u4fe1\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u660e\u6587 Modbus \u76f4\u63a5\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408 FR2 \u548c FR3\u3002\u52a0 stunnel\/VPN \u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5bc6\u7801\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**NERC CIP\uff08\u5317\u7f8e\u7535\u529b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u6807\u51c6\uff09** \u7684 CIP-005 \u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u7535\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7535\u5b50\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u754c\uff08ESP\uff09\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7535\u529b\u884c\u4e1a\u7528 Modbus \u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c502 \u7aef\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u5728 ESP \u5185\u90e8\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7 ESP \u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88f8\u5954\u3002CIP-007 \u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u8865\u4e01\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u548c Modbus \u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u56fa\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">**\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b49\u4fdd 2.0\uff08GB\/T 22239-2019\uff09** \u5bf9\u5de5\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u975e\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fb9\u754c\u9632\u62a4\u548c\u6280\u672f\u9694\u79bb\uff1b\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u6307\u4ee4\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff1b\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5212\u5206\u5b89\u5168\u57df\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u7528 Modbus \u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b49\u4fdd\u4e09\u7ea7\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u786c\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u9009\u4f59\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5408\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u662f\u6446\u8bbe\u2014\u2014\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u56fe\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u6293\u5305\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u62ff Modbus TCP \u660e\u6587\u8d70\u516c\u7f51\u901a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u9879\u5408\u89c4\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6700\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u9632\u62a4\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u9884\u7b97\u6709\u9650\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u8001\u65e7\u4e0d\u80fd\u6362\u3001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u804c\u5b89\u5168\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762 5 \u6761\u662f\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u3002**\u8fd9 5 \u6761\u6321\u4f4f 90% \u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u91c7\u8d2d\u8bbe\u5907\uff1a**<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. **\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709 502 \u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002** \u5230 https:\/\/www.shodan.io \u641c\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u7f51 IP \u6bb5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7528 `nmap -p 502 &lt;\u516c\u7f51IP&gt;` \u626b\u4e00\u904d\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u66b4\u9732\u7684\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5173\u6389\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u6216\u8005\u52a0 AC\u3002\n2. **Modbus \u7f51\u5173\/DTU \u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5bc6\u7801\u3002** \u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u7f51\u5173\u7684 Web \u7ba1\u7406\u9875\u9762\u2014\u2014\u786e\u8ba4 DTU \u7684 AT \u6307\u4ee4\u914d\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\uff08\u5982\u679c\u652f\u6301\uff09\u3001MQTT Broker \u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001VPN \u7684\u9884\u5171\u4eab\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u6539\u6389\u3002\n3. **\u628a Modbus \u8bbe\u5907\u653e\u5728\u72ec\u7acb VLAN\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u767d\u540d\u5355 ACL\u3002** \u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 VLAN\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5212\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684 IP \u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u505a ACL\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8 SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668 IP \u8bbf\u95ee 502\u3002\n4. **\u5728 SCADA \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21 Wireshark \u6293\u5305\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002** \u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u603b\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u529f\u80fd\u7801\uff080x08, 0x2B\uff09\u3001\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u8be5\u5728\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5730\u5740\u3002\n5. **\u5b9a\u671f\u7528 nmap \u626b\u63cf Modbus \u7f51\u7edc\u3002** \u5199\u4e2a cron \u6bcf\u5468\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21 `nmap -p 502 &#8211;script modbus-discover &lt;\u5b50\u7f51&gt;`\uff0c\u628a\u8f93\u51fa diff \u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907=\u6709\u4eba\u63a5\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u628a\u4e0a\u9762 5 \u6761\u843d\u5b9e\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u8c08\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0a\u4e13\u7528\u7684 OT \u5b89\u5168\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u505a SIEM \u96c6\u6210\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c0f\u5de5\u5382\u8fde\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u6ca1\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u548c OPC UA \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u804a Modbus \u5b89\u5168\u7ed5\u4e0d\u5f00 OPC UA\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8c01\u66ff\u4ee3\u8c01\uff0c\u662f\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a21\u578b\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9009\u578b\u65f6\u505a\u51fa\u79bb\u8c31\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/th><th>Modbus TCP (\u539f\u751f)<\/th><th>OPC UA<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u8ba4\u8bc1<\/td><td>\u65e0<\/td><td>X.509 \u8bc1\u4e66\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\/\u5bc6\u7801\u3001Kerberos<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u4f20\u8f93\u52a0\u5bc6<\/td><td>\u65e0<\/td><td>TLS 1.2\/1.3 (UA-TCP) \u6216 HTTPS (UA-HTTPS)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u6570\u636e\u7b7e\u540d<\/td><td>\u65e0<\/td><td>\u6bcf\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u5355\u72ec\u7b7e\u540d (UA-SecureConversation)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/td><td>\u65e0<\/td><td>\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ea7+\u8282\u70b9\u7ea7 ACL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><td>\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/td><td>\u5185\u7f6e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u534f\u8bae\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/td><td>\u6781\u7b80\uff0c12 \u5b57\u8282\u5e27<\/td><td>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574 OO \u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OPC UA \u628a\u5b89\u5168\u505a\u8fdb\u4e86\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u4ece\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u90fd\u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002Modbus \u628a\u4e00\u5207\u6254\u7ed9\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f OPC UA \u6bd4 Modbus \u300c\u66f4\u597d\u300d\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u3002OPC UA \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1aTLS \u63e1\u624b\u3001\u8bc1\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u94fe\u3001CRL\/OCSP \u540a\u9500\u68c0\u67e5\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f Modbus \u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u662f\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8c2d\u3002STM32 \u8dd1 Modbus RTU \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a UART \u548c\u4e24\u4e09\u767e\u884c C \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8dd1 OPC UA \u9700\u8981 TLS \u5e93\u3001XML \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3001\u81f3\u5c11\u51e0\u5341 KB \u7684 RAM\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6240\u4ee5\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u7528 OPC UA\u300d\u3002\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u5728\u7528 Modbus\uff0c\u522b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u5c31\u63a8\u7ffb\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6362\u6210 OPC UA\u2014\u2014\u52a0 stunnel\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899 ACL\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u6210\u672c\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6362\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u65b0\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u9009\u578b\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u8d44\u6e90\u5145\u8db3\u3001\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5411 IT\/OT \u878d\u5408\u67b6\u6784\u2014\u2014OPC UA \u5929\u7136\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u540e\u671f\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0a\u7701\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5199\u5728\u540e\u9762<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modbus \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u7f72\u67b6\u6784\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4f60\u4e0d\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u53f0\u6ca1\u6709\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f4\u63a5\u6302\u5728\u516c\u7f51\u4e0a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9 Modbus \u8bbe\u5907\u76f4\u63a5\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<p 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